The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . e than four or five members. There are, however, afew exceptions, where these artels have as many as 70-75members. Artels among bricklayers are quite a feature, buttheir size is usually small. Apart from the building trade,a large number of artels are to be found among navvies,among woi-kei-s engaged in floating timber, etc. There arealso many artels of stevedores and dock labourers. The Pavlovskaya, in the province of Nijni-Novgorod. is CO-OPERATIOX IN RUSSIA. 43 considered the biggest artel in Russia. It is engage
The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . e than four or five members. There are, however, afew exceptions, where these artels have as many as 70-75members. Artels among bricklayers are quite a feature, buttheir size is usually small. Apart from the building trade,a large number of artels are to be found among navvies,among woi-kei-s engaged in floating timber, etc. There arealso many artels of stevedores and dock labourers. The Pavlovskaya, in the province of Nijni-Novgorod. is CO-OPERATIOX IN RUSSIA. 43 considered the biggest artel in Russia. It is engaged inthe cutlery line, and now during the war it is also turningout surgical instruments. This artel was formed in 1890 by A. G. Stange, whowas woiking on certain improvements in the manufactureof locks, which forms the chief occupation of the villagePavlovo, the well-known kustar centre. At the beginningthe artel was composed of ordinary labourers; now, how-ever, it is a big affair, and offers a solid and good meansof gaining a livelihood to may kustars, the earnings repre-. .\. a. Stange. senting an anunuit of about 90,()()() roubles per annum, andthe annual turnover some Rs. 200,000. The artel has itswell-ecjuipped factory, and also a warehouse at employs 300 men, of whom 125 are members. A good many Zemstvos are coming to the assistance ofthe artels, giving thoni the loan of masters, but themajority of the kustars work singly and eke out amiserable existence. There are also aitels in tln^ lla,\ line, diifllv in the llax 44 CO-OPERATTON IN RUSSIA. growing regions. As a rule they use mechanical are also egg art-els that collect the eggs, selling themwithout the help of the middlemen. Egg artels are, how-ever, few in number; quite recently other co-operativesocieties, such as credit and agricultural associations beganto pay attention to this line. Agricultural Societies. Agricultural societies are educational organisations forpromoting the knowledge of
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