. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. May, 1968 Stannard: Thk Thrips of Illinois 221. Helarothnps nnsaemac larvo Sericothrips campesfns larva Sericothrips pulchellus pupa Fig. 6-8.—Terebrantia, immature forms of species indicated. characterized by the antennae placed over the head dorsally and the wing buds elongated. The imago transforms from this stadium. Among the Tubulifera there are us- ually three pupal stages. In the first (primipupal) stage, the antennae, which project laterally from the head, and the legs are shortened (Fig. 12). In the prepupal stage (Pupa I of some previous
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. May, 1968 Stannard: Thk Thrips of Illinois 221. Helarothnps nnsaemac larvo Sericothrips campesfns larva Sericothrips pulchellus pupa Fig. 6-8.—Terebrantia, immature forms of species indicated. characterized by the antennae placed over the head dorsally and the wing buds elongated. The imago transforms from this stadium. Among the Tubulifera there are us- ually three pupal stages. In the first (primipupal) stage, the antennae, which project laterally from the head, and the legs are shortened (Fig. 12). In the prepupal stage (Pupa I of some previous authors), the antennae lie along the side of the head (Fig. 13), and wing buds (if wings are to be pres- ent in the adult) lie along the side of the body. In the pupal stage (Pupa II of some previous authors) the anten- nae are elongated and the wing buds extend to curl slightly over the ab- domen (Fig. 14). Neither larvae nor pupae of thrips bear ocelli, as in most members of the Corrodentia-Thysanoptera-Hemiptera phyletic line (Stannard 1956a). Pupae are often developed in co- coons (Fig. 15) spun by the second instar larvae in the Aeolothripidae and Heterothripidae, or on leaves, and even in earthen cells, as in the case of the Thripidae. Orbtel (1963) reports that in Odon- tothrips loti of the Thripidae the sec- ond instar larva leaves the flowers of the host plant to migrate into the soil. Within 24 hours, while in the soil, the larva molds an earthen cell lined with silk spun from terminal abdominal glands. Inside this cell the prepupa emerges and remains in that stage for 31-39 hours. Finally the pupal stage is produced from which an adult emerges 60-69 hours later. The special fore tarsal hooks found in the Aeolothripidae and Hetero- thripidae (Fig. 76 and 77) are believed to enable the newly emerged adult to break the cocoon and escape. Species of Odontothrips and Taeniothrips in- consequens also have claws or hooks (Fig. 78) on the fore legs which may help them to b
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