. A history of the United States . f the English People, Chap, x., sect. iv.; J. F. Bright, History ofEngland, iii. 1325 ; Magazine of American History, xxix. 417. Biographies. — References as in preceding chapter, also A. Cass ; J. Parton, Andrew Jackson, Great Commanders Series. Special. — Presidential Elections: E. Stanwood, History of PresidentialElections, pp. 57-69; The War, and Peace of Ghent, C. Schurz, Henry Clay,i. 67-125 ; Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, vi. 376-406 ; 482-488 ; Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, pp. 55-64. 183. Declaration of War. (1812.
. A history of the United States . f the English People, Chap, x., sect. iv.; J. F. Bright, History ofEngland, iii. 1325 ; Magazine of American History, xxix. 417. Biographies. — References as in preceding chapter, also A. Cass ; J. Parton, Andrew Jackson, Great Commanders Series. Special. — Presidential Elections: E. Stanwood, History of PresidentialElections, pp. 57-69; The War, and Peace of Ghent, C. Schurz, Henry Clay,i. 67-125 ; Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, vi. 376-406 ; 482-488 ; Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, pp. 55-64. 183. Declaration of War. (1812.) — The majority of the people, except in NewEngland, clamored for war with Eng-land. Madison, in his message to Con-gress of June 1, 1812, set forth thegrievances of th^ United States againstGreat Britain. These were : the impress-ment of American seamen; violation ofneutral rights on the American coast bythe British cruisers ; the British Orders in Council; andthe inciting the Indians against the United States. On June 171. JAMES MADISON. 172 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 18, 1812, Congress passed an act declaring war against GreatBritain. Only five days later England repealed the Ordersin Council, so injurious to American commerce. It is un-likely that even if Congress had known of Englands purposethe declaration would have been withheld, for the party inpower were eager to fight, and besides, there was no assurancethat the impressment of seamen would be given up. Howgreat was this impressment may be seen from the statementthat at one time the names of 6000 men who had been thusseized were on file in the Department of State. The extentof the injury done to the commerce is shown by the factthat between 1803 and 1812, on various pretexts, more than900 vessels had been captured by British cruisers. 184. The United States ill-prepared for War. (1812.) — The country was ill-prepared for war with any nation, least of allwith Great Britain, whose navy numbered about 1000 ve
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