. Cattle. Cattle; Cattle. 188 CATTLE. covered with enamel, both to produce and retain this necessary sharp- ness. The crown of the tooth, or that part of it which is above the gum, presents a surface somewhat convex externally, rising straight from the gum ; while inside the mouth, it has a concave face, dimin- ishing gradually in thickness as it recedes from the gum, and termi- nating in ,in edge, than which, in the young animal, few scissors are sharp*=r. The elastic nature of the pad preserves itself from lacera- tion ; but the grass on which the animal is browsing, less elastic, is partly
. Cattle. Cattle; Cattle. 188 CATTLE. covered with enamel, both to produce and retain this necessary sharp- ness. The crown of the tooth, or that part of it which is above the gum, presents a surface somewhat convex externally, rising straight from the gum ; while inside the mouth, it has a concave face, dimin- ishing gradually in thickness as it recedes from the gum, and termi- nating in ,in edge, than which, in the young animal, few scissors are sharp*=r. The elastic nature of the pad preserves itself from lacera- tion ; but the grass on which the animal is browsing, less elastic, is partly cut through. Tiie molar teeth are as well adapted for the mingled laceration and grinding of the grass. There are two oblique surfaces, those on the lower jaw taking a direction upwards, and from without inwards, and those in the upper jaw slanting in an opposite direction, while the surface of the tooth is sawed into d«ep grooves. There are three in the hist molai-, the edges of which, from cones of enamel sunk deep into the substance of the tooth, are sharp nnd cannot be meddled with without laceration, and these receive corresponding projecting portions from the opposite teeth. From the prolonged although leisurely action of machines like these, the food is reduced to a state of extreme comminution, that every particle of nourishment may be extracted from it. The ox, on whose flesh we subsist, must extract every particle of matter which the food contains, and therefore not a fibre is seen in the faeces. The dung, except from a stall-fed beast, is comparatively of httle worth. THE AGE OF CATTLE AS INDICATED BY THE TEETH. When describing the horns of cattle (p. 148,) we spoke of the. BIRTH. 8BC0ND Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Youatt, William, 1776-1847; Martin, William Charles Lin
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