. The railroad and engineering journal . ive an oil-can filled with oil or tallow, which is thus meltedor kept in a fluid condition by the heat of the boiler. Question 304. How are the cylinders and steam-chests pro-tected so as to prevent, as far as possible, the heat in the steam frombeing lost? Vol. No. 6.] ENGINEERING JOURNAL. 273 Answer. The sides of the cylinders are covered with wood) WW w, fig. iSo, called the cylinder lagging, and the wood iscovered outside with Russia iron, which is called the cylinder-casing. The ends of llie cylinders have light metal covers,called cylinder-
. The railroad and engineering journal . ive an oil-can filled with oil or tallow, which is thus meltedor kept in a fluid condition by the heat of the boiler. Question 304. How are the cylinders and steam-chests pro-tected so as to prevent, as far as possible, the heat in the steam frombeing lost? Vol. No. 6.] ENGINEERING JOURNAL. 273 Answer. The sides of the cylinders are covered with wood) WW w, fig. iSo, called the cylinder lagging, and the wood iscovered outside with Russia iron, which is called the cylinder-casing. The ends of llie cylinders have light metal covers,called cylinder-fiend coiers, shown in section at a a, fig. 177,made of cast iron, brass, or sheet metal. The steam-chest hasa similar cover, 2 2, fig. 177. Sometimes coarse felt is used forlagging the cylinder and steam-chest. Question 305. For what purpose are the cocks L L, Jigs. 177,179, and 180, at each end of the cylinder, used? Answer. They are used to exhaust the water which collectsIn the cylinders. When the engine is not working the cylinders. Fig. 181. and steam-pipes are all cooled off, so that when steam is firstintroduced into them a great deal of it is condensed until theybecome warmed. Water is also frequently carried over fromthe boiler with the steam. When this occurs the boiler is said10prime, or to wor/t water. This water and that producedby the condensation of steam collect in the bottom of the cylinderand will not escape through the e.\haust-pipes until the pistonmoves up so near to the end of the cylinder that the water willfill the whole space between it and the cylinder-head. As hasalready been stated, it will then escape so slowly that themomentum of the piston and other machinery is liable to knock out the cylinder-heads or even break the cylinderitself. The cocks L L, cMeA cylinder-cocks, are therefore placedin the under side of the cylinder, so that when they are open ifthere is any water in the cylinder it will escape through are therefore always opened
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