Corner fragment of inscribed prism (kudurru) ca. 7th–6th century Babylonian The invention of writing in approximately 3300 was one of many developments in administrative technology--including the use of geometric tokens for counting and cylinder seals to guarantee transactions--that accompanied the growth of the first cities and states in southern Mesopotamia. Proto-cuneiform is the name given to the earliest form of writing--pictograms that were drawn on clay tablets. Gradually, the pictograms became abstracted into cuneiform (Latin, "wedge-shaped") signs that were impressed rather
Corner fragment of inscribed prism (kudurru) ca. 7th–6th century Babylonian The invention of writing in approximately 3300 was one of many developments in administrative technology--including the use of geometric tokens for counting and cylinder seals to guarantee transactions--that accompanied the growth of the first cities and states in southern Mesopotamia. Proto-cuneiform is the name given to the earliest form of writing--pictograms that were drawn on clay tablets. Gradually, the pictograms became abstracted into cuneiform (Latin, "wedge-shaped") signs that were impressed rather than drawn. At its greatest extent, cuneiform writing was used from the Mediterranean coast of Syria to western Iran and from Hittite Anatolia to southern Mesopotamia. It was adapted to write at least fifteen different languages. The last dated cuneiform text has a date corresponding to 75, although the script probably continued in use over the next two object is a fragment of an unusual clay prism and bears both a cuneiform text and images. It was originally twelve-sided and, in fact, three other fragments are known (one in the Metropolitan. and two in the Harvard Semitic Museum). Above the cuneiform inscription which reads from left to right are parts of three images of divine symbols: an altar with a stylus on top, representing the god Nabu, the god of writing; an altar that appears originally to have had the image of a dog on top of it, standing for Gula, the goddess of healing; and traces of the left side of an altar. The presence of the symbols on the domed top of the object suggest that it may have be a kudurru-like text. Kudurrus are a distinctive group of Babylonian monuments (narus) once thought to be boundary markers placed in fields. In fact they are more likely to have been placed in temples, where their contents were preserved and sanctified. The monuments, usually made in stone, carry inscriptions describing grants of land, often f
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