. The elements of railroad engineering . Fig. 618. tion for the sill. Sub-sills of 12-in. by 12-in. timber, laidin trenches, form a good foundation. Before laying thesub-sills, the ground should be thoroughly rammed to en-sure against settlement. This construction is illustrated inFig. 618. 1776. Refuge Bays.—On all trestles of a length of200 feet or more, refuge bays should be built where work-men or track walkers can find safety when overtaken by atrain. They consist of small projecting platforms supportedby ties which are given Ji><4 lix4 ft—

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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering