. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. common form of these parts in a gallinaceous bird. In these gallinaceous birds the oesopha- gus («) sends out at a right angle with its course a lar^e crop (6), with a contracted neck, and supplied with glandular follicles. Beneath this is the infundibulum or glandular stomach (c), with numerous large follicles placed between the mucous and muscular coats, and this opens into the large muscular gizzard (rf), provided externally with two strong digastric muscles (e). The cardiac and py- loric orifices of the gizzard are c
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. common form of these parts in a gallinaceous bird. In these gallinaceous birds the oesopha- gus («) sends out at a right angle with its course a lar^e crop (6), with a contracted neck, and supplied with glandular follicles. Beneath this is the infundibulum or glandular stomach (c), with numerous large follicles placed between the mucous and muscular coats, and this opens into the large muscular gizzard (rf), provided externally with two strong digastric muscles (e). The cardiac and py- loric orifices of the gizzard are close to each other (/"), and towards the lower part of the small intestine a minute ccecum often indi- cates the original entrance of the yolk-bag. The two long cceca-coli (g) commence by nar- row entrances (/(), and the short colon ends in a common cloaca (Z) for the genital and urinary secretions. Inthepredaceous birds, as the eagles (JigAQ), the oesophagus («), the crop (b\ the infundibu- lum (c), and the gizzard (de), are capacious, thin, Fig. and membranous, and form a continuous cavity for the prey, from which the indigestible parts can be thrown out in a bolus. In these birds the coeca-coli (g) are very small, sometimes unequal, or wanting. The urinary (t'j) and genital organs (/c/c) enter the cloaca (I) near the anus. The right ventricle of birds has the tricuspid valve in form of a thick strong mus- cular fold, and the aorta descends on the right side. The lungs form two undivided, light- coloured lobes, fixed by pleurae to the back part of the trunk, the last rings of the trachea form an inferior larynx, the bronchi pass in a mem- branous form through the lungs, and the lungs open into large membranous abdominal air- cells, which communicate with the interior of the bones. This extensive aeration of their systemic as well as their pulmonic vessels gives energy to their muscles for their aerial life and their distant migrations, and a high tempera- ture to
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