Italy in the nineteenth century and the making of Austria-Hungary and Germany . orEmmanuel was first saluted King of Italy, ports, roads, andrailways were all wanting to the young nation, and all hadto be provided. Sanitary measures and modern improve-ments of all kinds had to be introduced into the cities, andan immense amount of work has been done, as well asmoney expended, in these ways. It is, indeed, acknowl-edged that much of the money spent, especially on rail-roads, has been wasted upon small branch-lines, not likelyto pay, and of little service, but whose promoters haveobtained approp


Italy in the nineteenth century and the making of Austria-Hungary and Germany . orEmmanuel was first saluted King of Italy, ports, roads, andrailways were all wanting to the young nation, and all hadto be provided. Sanitary measures and modern improve-ments of all kinds had to be introduced into the cities, andan immense amount of work has been done, as well asmoney expended, in these ways. It is, indeed, acknowl-edged that much of the money spent, especially on rail-roads, has been wasted upon small branch-lines, not likelyto pay, and of little service, but whose promoters haveobtained appropriations from the State to advance theirown interest or that of some petty locality. The kingdom of Italy began its career with a forcedpaper currency. This was abandoned in 1886 ; and deficitsmade by the change, and by the abolition of the grist-tax sohateful to the peasantry, were made up by a loan, raised inLondon, by Finance Minister Magliani, who succeeded inimpressing his optimistic views of Italys prosperity andfuture progress on those who had money to advance in that. THE PRINCE OF NAPLES. KING HUMBERT AND HIS REIGN. 393 way. Italy has recently returned to her paper circulating medium is now paper lire, and the paper onwhich the notes are printed is so flimsy that they creaseand fall to pieces in the purse. Meantime, primary education is doing its work amongthe masses, and Italian writers and scientists are moreand more numerous. Intellectual life in Italy has cer-tainly not stood still within the last twenty years, thoughno world-famous books during that time have beenpublished. The Crispi ministry was shaken out of office in 1S92 bythe scandals that followed an examination of the affairs ofthe Banco Romano. It soon came back to power, however,Crispi being what some one has called him, an indispen-sable man. The terrible disasters in Abyssinia, to whichwill be devoted our next chapter, broke up his cabinetagain in March of this year (1896). He has beensucc


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Keywords: ., bookauthorlatimerelizabethworme, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890