. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. OCCURRENCE OF ORIENTAL SORE 85 sightly ulcerating sores, upon which swarms of flies are constantly feeding. The exudations from such sores are teeming with Leish- man bodies, Leishmania tropica (Fig. 15A and B), which very closely resemble those of kala-azar. In some cities infection by these parasites is so com- mon and so inevitable that normal children are expected to have the dis- ease and visitors to the cities seldom escape a sore as a souvenir, even if present for only a short time. In Bagdad, We
. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. OCCURRENCE OF ORIENTAL SORE 85 sightly ulcerating sores, upon which swarms of flies are constantly feeding. The exudations from such sores are teeming with Leish- man bodies, Leishmania tropica (Fig. 15A and B), which very closely resemble those of kala-azar. In some cities infection by these parasites is so com- mon and so inevitable that normal children are expected to have the dis- ease and visitors to the cities seldom escape a sore as a souvenir, even if present for only a short time. In Bagdad, Wenyon has shown that almost as soon as the children are relieved of the wrappings in which they are covered as babies, and allowed to run free and play in the streets, they are almost certain of infection. Since one attack gives immu- nity, oriental sores ap- Fig. 15. Parasites of oriental sore (Leishmania pearing on an adult person 1™^^'^") • ^- ^^ "-f"^ ^' P^^-a^ite^ f™°i ^°^\ the t^ ^ '^ torpedo-shaped forms {A) being found outside in Bagdad brands him as the cells, the others (B and C) within the cells; a new arrival, and the ^^ Herpetomona. form taken from bedbug 48 ' hours after feeding on sore; E, the same, dividing same is undoubtedly true form. X 4000. (After Wenyon.) in many other tropical cities. The disease is prevalent from India through Persia, Syria and Arabia and along the south shore of the Mediterranean as far as Morocco. True oriental sore probably occurs commonly in many cities of tropical South America, though here it is ob- viously difficult to distinguish it from the skin sores of espundia. Transmission. — Though oriental sores may appear at any time of the year, they are particularly abundant in the autumn months in most cities of the Old World. Since the usual time of the appearance of the sore, as nearly as can be judged, is about two months after infection, though sometimes much less and often much longer than this, infection m
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