The Eastern Question. Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876-1878). Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on June 30, 1876. The April Uprising of 1876 was experienced with strong repression by the Turkish authorities in Bulgaria. Execution of Bulgarian insurgents in the streets of Philippopolis (Plovdiv) by Bashi-bazouks and Circassians. The Bashi-bazouks were units of irregular volunteers, both infantry and cavalry, attached to the Turkish army but under independent officers. Engraving. La Ilustracion Española y Americana, August 22, 1876.

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