. Criteria for deciding about forestry research programs. Forests and forestry Research United States. ment of lands and resources probably were in the range of $35 to $45 million. Forestry-related industries rank among the lowest major in- dustries in expenditures for R&D (fig. 15, Anon. 1976b). Office equipment and instrument industries commonly invest in R&D at a rate equivalent to 5 to 6 percent of sales; leisure— percent; building materials— percent; containers— percent; paper— percent; steel— per- cent; food— percent; and publishing— percent of sales. The for
. Criteria for deciding about forestry research programs. Forests and forestry Research United States. ment of lands and resources probably were in the range of $35 to $45 million. Forestry-related industries rank among the lowest major in- dustries in expenditures for R&D (fig. 15, Anon. 1976b). Office equipment and instrument industries commonly invest in R&D at a rate equivalent to 5 to 6 percent of sales; leisure— percent; building materials— percent; containers— percent; paper— percent; steel— per- cent; food— percent; and publishing— percent of sales. The forestry R&D investment amounts to less than percent of the total value of timber-based products and services (Phelps 1980). Similarity, research on wildlife, fish, and game constitutes only about percent of sportsmen's expenditures for hunting and freshwater fishing. The relationship between expenditures for forestry R&D and for management of forest and land resources is clearly im- balanced. For example, the national expenditures for timber management research equal about 6 percent of the national ex- penditures for the management of timber resources on all forest lands. For wildlife research, the expenditures are about 6 per- cent of all national expenditures for wildlife management (Jahn and Trefithen 1978). For fire research, the level of ex- penditure is about 2 percent of that for fire management on all wildlands. For range management research, the expenditure is about percent of the expenditures for the management of all rangelands in the Nation. Forestry research represents a minute fraction of the Federal expenditures for R&D (table 12, National Science Foundation 1978b). In FY 1977, total Federal R&D expenditures were an estimated $24 billion. The Federal expenditures for forestry- related research amounted to about $115 million—less than percent of the total Federal expenditure for R&D. Surprisingly, forestry research
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