. Zoology for high schools and colleges. Zoology. BI8TRIBUTI0N OF HOLOTMDRIANS. 135. Fig. 91. — Hooks and plates Synapta Oirardii.—Mt&c Verrill. body ends in a long, tail-like prolongation; G. arenata Stimpson has fifteen four-pronged tentacles; it is com- monly thrown up on the beaches of Massachusetts Bay. A deep- water form, a member of the abyssal fauna, is Molpadia tur- gida Verrill, which we have dredged in over one hundred fathoms in-the Gulf of Maine, and which ranges southward to Florida. It has a head-end like the neck of a bottle, and the end of the body suddenly con- tracts int
. Zoology for high schools and colleges. Zoology. BI8TRIBUTI0N OF HOLOTMDRIANS. 135. Fig. 91. — Hooks and plates Synapta Oirardii.—Mt&c Verrill. body ends in a long, tail-like prolongation; G. arenata Stimpson has fifteen four-pronged tentacles; it is com- monly thrown up on the beaches of Massachusetts Bay. A deep- water form, a member of the abyssal fauna, is Molpadia tur- gida Verrill, which we have dredged in over one hundred fathoms in-the Gulf of Maine, and which ranges southward to Florida. It has a head-end like the neck of a bottle, and the end of the body suddenly con- tracts into a tail, with a very small anus. There are fifteen tentacles. Order 2. Pedata, or Holothurians with feet. The mem- bers of the first family {Dendrochirotce) hare tree-like, branching tentacles, retractor muscles, without Cuvierian organs. It is represented by Thyone and Pentacta, while here belong also Lophothuria Fabricii Duben and Koren, Psolus phantapus and P. squamatus, in which the body is armed with heavy calcareous plates, and the feet are confined to a ventral creeping disk. In the highest family, Aspidoclnroim, there are tentacular ampullae ; the left respiratory tree is bound to the body- walls, and there is a single ovary, while CuTierian organs are present. HolotJiuria is the type of the group. H. edulis Lesson, of the Moluccas and Australia, and H. tremula forms, when dried, the trepang sold in Chinese markets. Our H. jloridana has been dried and exported to China as an article of food. In their geographical distribution the Apoda are mostly boreal and arctic. Of the Pedata, the Dendroehirotce are mostly northern or arctic, while the highest group, Aispi- dochirotcB, are mainly tropical. Certain genera {Holothwria, Thyone, Psolus,Pentacta, Chirodota, and Synapta) are almost cosmopolitan. A few forms attain a great depth, and certain abyssal forma are often highly colored. One species, Synapta. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page image
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