The Locomotive . or nipple is secured; and westrongly prefer a somewhatgreater flare than this. Infact, our general recommenda-tions are, that nipples shouldproject through the header,drum, or tube-sheet by aboutthree-eighths of an inch, andthat their ends should beflared so as to have an exter-nal diameter at least three-sixteenths of an inch greaterthan the diameter of the holes. In setting a tube or nipple that is to be flared, it is not uncommon to expandthe tube fully, first, and then flare the end as a subsequent and final to our experience, this is an incorrect way o
The Locomotive . or nipple is secured; and westrongly prefer a somewhatgreater flare than this. Infact, our general recommenda-tions are, that nipples shouldproject through the header,drum, or tube-sheet by aboutthree-eighths of an inch, andthat their ends should beflared so as to have an exter-nal diameter at least three-sixteenths of an inch greaterthan the diameter of the holes. In setting a tube or nipple that is to be flared, it is not uncommon to expandthe tube fully, first, and then flare the end as a subsequent and final to our experience, this is an incorrect way of doing the work, and itoften leads to fractures which could easily have been avoided by a somewhatdifferent mode of procedure. The tube or nipple is necessarily somewhat smallerthan the hole into which it is to be secured, the difference in diameter beingperhaps a sixteenth of an inch. In setting such a tube or nipple, it should firstbe passed into the hole and brought to its correct position, and the end should. Short Nipple Joining Two Headers. 166 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, then be expanded until the tube is just neatly tacked, or brought up againstthe tube-sheet or header with sufficient force to retain it in place. It should thenbe flared at the free end until it has been swelled out to the proper diameter,and after this has been done, the operation of expanding the tube strongly intothe hole should be completed. If the tube is fully expanded into the tube-sheetbefore being flared, the expanding tool (unless it is of special form) is apt toscore the end of the tube so as to make it difficult to perform the flaring, withoutinjury to the tube. The same general remarks apply to beading; for if the tubeis completely expanded before being beaded, the ductility of the end is apt to beimpaired so that the beading tool will fracture the bead. It is much better andsafer to expand the tube until it just fits the hole snugly, and then bead the endover; the expanding being completed aft
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