History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . mmuted to a heavy fine andlong imprisonment. After the retirementof the Democracy from power in 1896 theannexation of the islands was promptly con-summated. Walter Q. Gresham, Secretary of State. fi 132 EXPANSION [1895 in the early part of Clevelands second term,died in May, 1895, being succeeded byRichard Olney, transferred from the port-folio of Attorney General. In a day, Cleve-lands foreign policy,hitherto so inert, be-came vigorous to theverge of the Mon-roe Doctrine endan-gered by Gr
History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . mmuted to a heavy fine andlong imprisonment. After the retirementof the Democracy from power in 1896 theannexation of the islands was promptly con-summated. Walter Q. Gresham, Secretary of State. fi 132 EXPANSION [1895 in the early part of Clevelands second term,died in May, 1895, being succeeded byRichard Olney, transferred from the port-folio of Attorney General. In a day, Cleve-lands foreign policy,hitherto so inert, be-came vigorous to theverge of the Mon-roe Doctrine endan-gered by Great Brit-ains apparentlyarbitrary encroach-ments on Venezuelain fixing theboundary between Venezuela and BritishGuiana, he insisted that the boundary dis-pute should be settled by arbitration. The message in which the President tookthis ground shook the country like a decla-ration of war against Great Britain. Ameri-can securities fell, the gold reserve President was, however, was found ready to aid the Admin-istration by passing any measures necessary. Richard Olney. 1894] CLEVELAND AGAIN PRESIDENT 133 to preserve the national credit. In December,1895, it unanimously authorized the appoint-ment of a commission to decide upon thetrue boundary line between Venezuela andBritish Guiana, with the purpose of givingits report the full sanction and support ofthe United States. The dispute was finallysubmitted to a distinguished tribunal atParis, ex-President Harrison, among others,appearing on behalf of the Venezuelan Re-public. While Great Britains claim was, ina measure, vindicated, this proceeding es-tablished a new and potent precedent insupport both of the Monroe Doctrine andof international arbitration. In 1894 a ten months session of thefamous Lexow legislative committee inNew York City uncovered voluminous evi-dence of corrupt municipal governmentthere. The police force habitually leviedtribute for protection not only upon legiti-mate trade and
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