The earth and its inhabitants .. . earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 230 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE. After leaving the ' Wendish Switzerland ' through a deep defile, the Livonian Aa enters the lowlands, and turning north-west, now flows directly to the Gulf of Kiga. But the crescent-shaped rivulets and strings of lakelets still partly com- municating with the Dvina show that the Aa itself was also a tributary of the main stream. North Livonia offers another curious instance of shifting river beds. The Virz-jarv, or ' White Lake,' occupies an area of about 106 square miles in the centre of the depressi
The earth and its inhabitants .. . earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 230 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE. After leaving the ' Wendish Switzerland ' through a deep defile, the Livonian Aa enters the lowlands, and turning north-west, now flows directly to the Gulf of Kiga. But the crescent-shaped rivulets and strings of lakelets still partly com- municating with the Dvina show that the Aa itself was also a tributary of the main stream. North Livonia offers another curious instance of shifting river beds. The Virz-jarv, or ' White Lake,' occupies an area of about 106 square miles in the centre of the depression, stretching south of the Esthonian plateau and declivities. Throuo-h a valley in the north-east corner of this lacustrine basin Fig. 111.—Shifting Delta of the Dvina and Aa Hivers. Scale 1 : 800,000. c Depth mider 80 Feet. 80 Feet and upwards. .^ 10 Miles. the Embach escapes to Lake Peipus and the Narova. But another valley in the north-west corner, evidently a western continuation of that of the Embach, runs to the depression through which now flows the Fellin to the Pernau and Gulf of Riga. Esthonia was thus formerly separated by a continuous stream from the mainland. But, in consequence of the upheaval now going on, the outflow of the Virz-jarv westwards to the Gulf of Riga has been interrupted, and the lake itself is now 112 feet above sea-level. There w\as doubtless a time when Esthonia was an island, like those of Osel, Dago, Worms, Moon, now lying off its west coast between the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic. From their outlines, relief.
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