. Annual report. Entomological Society of Ontario; Insect pests; Insects -- Ontario Periodicals. 1901 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 77 It is interesting to study the pupal forms of insects, with reference to their adaptations to their surroundings. When pupse are incased within cocoons (Figs. 37, 38, 39) or earthen cells (Fig. 36) they are smooth and rounded, but when chrjsalids are formed, such as is the case with butterflies, and when there is considerable exposure to wind and weather, they are rough and angular (Fig. 40 b). The chrysalids of the Nymphalidie, to which the Milk-Weed Butterfly belong
. Annual report. Entomological Society of Ontario; Insect pests; Insects -- Ontario Periodicals. 1901 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 77 It is interesting to study the pupal forms of insects, with reference to their adaptations to their surroundings. When pupse are incased within cocoons (Figs. 37, 38, 39) or earthen cells (Fig. 36) they are smooth and rounded, but when chrjsalids are formed, such as is the case with butterflies, and when there is considerable exposure to wind and weather, they are rough and angular (Fig. 40 b). The chrysalids of the Nymphalidie, to which the Milk-Weed Butterfly belongs (Fig. 41 j, are all suspended by means of a button of silk to the under surface of some object, and they swing freely. It is plain that the " horny tubercles and roughened, calloused ridges" of such chrysalids protect the swaying bodies. The chrysalids of the Papilionidse (Fig. 42),.. Fifr. 40. a, Larva; b, chrysalis of Limenitis disippus butterfly, showing angulations and mode of suspension. „. .„ „, ,- , t. •!• lm t, , ° Fig. 43. Chrysalis of Papiho philenor. a. Back view, showing angulations; b, side view, showing mode of suspension. to which our Swallow-tails and Cabbage-butterfly belong, are held ii> place both by a button of silk and by a girdle of the same material, which passes around the middle of the chrysalis. Among the common insects which hibernate as pupae are : The Sphinges (Sphingidoe). Cabbage-butterflies {Pieris i-apa). Cecropia (Samia cecropia). Polyphemus (Telea polyphemus). Corn-Worm {Heliothis armiger). Army-Worm (Leucania uniptmcta) Datana Ministra. Spring Canker-Worm (Pidceacrita vernata). Pea and Bean Weevils (Bruchus pisi, B. obtectus) Squash-Borers {Melittia ceto). Potato Beetle {Doryphora decenilineata). Saw-flies {Tenthredinida). Phorbia. Oboea bimacvlata. Pear Midge (Diplosis pyrivora). Clover-seed Midge {Cecidomyia legnminicola). The Adults. Many insects in tbeir adult condition are strongly chitinized and otherwise prote
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectinsectp, bookyear1872
