. Railway maintenance engineering, with notes on construction . kments, there should be provideda sufficient berm to prevent undermining the embankment orthe sloughing of the slopes from filling the ditches. The slopesof fills should also be grassed or covered with material whichwill prevent to as great a degree as practicable their sloughing. In bad cuts tihng of the ditches is frequently resorted towith excellent results. The tile best adapted to this purpose isordinary farm tile, which may be laid in cinders and coveredwith marsh hay. On top of this the soil is filled in, the hay pre-ventin
. Railway maintenance engineering, with notes on construction . kments, there should be provideda sufficient berm to prevent undermining the embankment orthe sloughing of the slopes from filling the ditches. The slopesof fills should also be grassed or covered with material whichwill prevent to as great a degree as practicable their sloughing. In bad cuts tihng of the ditches is frequently resorted towith excellent results. The tile best adapted to this purpose isordinary farm tile, which may be laid in cinders and coveredwith marsh hay. On top of this the soil is filled in, the hay pre-venting the dirt entering the joints of the tile, the surroundingbed of cinders affording an opportunity for the water to get intothe tile. 42 RAILWAY MAINTENANCE The side ditches should be kept clean and free from all obstruc-tions which may interfere with the passage of the water. Incuts during the wet season the ditches frequently become filledwith material which has been sloughed down from the sides ofthe cut. This was formerly removed by shovehng out and load-. FiG. 23.—American Railway Ditcher. ing onto cars. Ditching machines are now quite generally usedfor this purpose and have greatly reduced the cost of handlingthis material, as well as enabling the work to be carried on ina much more expeditious manner than was possible when manuallabor was employed. These ditchers (Fig. 23) are small steam shovels running GRADING 43 on a movable track placed on top of the flat cars which are tobe loaded. The curves given in Fig. 24 show the estimated cost of hand- Sw k ^ 1 .■*=^-$ g. s? 1 i ^0— J° ° ° °L ^=^ American Double-Ditcher Work Train 1500 35 14-00 1300 ,0^0 1200 4- 1100 o .^5 1000 T3 v/) 0 900 0 ^ 800 Si (> 700 o o ^ . 5 o f)00 U CL 500 •»- ^n oio 4-00 V C\ Ditch 1 to 2-ft: deep. ~ Exoava ting Capacity of each Ditcher50 00 \ V \\ \ Cost per = - \ \ \ Ci/. y(a^5. per day = 1 1 1 i 1 \ ^ ^ \C k, \ <? ^ r^ ^C H .y ,^^ \ ^ ^. o ,^- k: <
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1915
