. Diseases of children. entary canal visible, and indicates thecondition of the mucous membrane in the lower digestivetract. The tongue also becomes coated in fever andcatarrhal conditions of the nose and throat. In severaldiseases there is a characteristic appearance of the tongue. In typhoid fever, in the early stages, the tongue is redand it often trembles upon extrusion, and later becomesdry, brown, and fissured. In scarlet fever, in the first stage, the tongue is heavilycoated with a whitish fur, with the exception of the tip,which is red. This whitish fur gradually peels off, sothat in a
. Diseases of children. entary canal visible, and indicates thecondition of the mucous membrane in the lower digestivetract. The tongue also becomes coated in fever andcatarrhal conditions of the nose and throat. In severaldiseases there is a characteristic appearance of the tongue. In typhoid fever, in the early stages, the tongue is redand it often trembles upon extrusion, and later becomesdry, brown, and fissured. In scarlet fever, in the first stage, the tongue is heavilycoated with a whitish fur, with the exception of the tip,which is red. This whitish fur gradually peels off, sothat in a day or two the tongue is a deep red, wilh thepapillae deeply injected. This has given rise to the namestrawberry tongue, characteristic of this disease. 112 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT II3 In gastro-enteritis sometimes the tongue is gray-coatedand flabby, with an oval bare spot in the center, which isred and glossy. In older children scars on the tongue aredue to tooth-wounds inflicted during epileptic Fig. 31.—Illustrating a very good and common position for mouth and throat examina-tion (Kerr). Fetor of the hreath is frequently due to some localcondition, such as chronic rhinitis, tonsillitis; to retainedparticles of food; to caries of the teeth; to certain lung dis-eases; to dyspepsia; and to the ingestion of certain drugs. The condition of the appetite may be inordinate, lost,or perverted. The following names have been appliedto the different varieties of appetite: 114 DISEASES OF CHILDREN FOR NURSES Bulimia is the term applied to an inordinate appetite. Anorexia is the term appHed to loss of appetite. Pica is a craving for unnatural foods. Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing may result fromlocal inflammations, stricture of the esophagus, or paral-ysis. Malformations.—In infants these are not conditions most frequently seen are hare-lip, cleft
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