. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 1962 WALNUT WARDIAN CASES by means of two ferments or enzjms secreted by the organism. One is a diastatic ferment which converts the starch of Walnuts into grape sugar; tiie other is a peptonizing ferment which digests the proteids of the cells. The action of these ferments becomes manifest in the development o
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 1962 WALNUT WARDIAN CASES by means of two ferments or enzjms secreted by the organism. One is a diastatic ferment which converts the starch of Walnuts into grape sugar; tiie other is a peptonizing ferment which digests the proteids of the cells. The action of these ferments becomes manifest in the development of a water-soaked band immediately surrounding the margin of the blackened infected spot if the disease is active, and this appearance readily dis- tinguishes this malady from all other injuries to the nut or branch. As the secretion of the two ferments depends largely upon a temperature of 65° to 75° F., a much lower temperature is unfavorable to the destruc- tive action of the blight upon the tissues, and when such low temperature prevails the infected points are likely to be cut out through the action of the cells of the Walnut. The losses from Walnut bacteriosis are often heavy, especially in individual orchards or special localities. A loss of 50 per cent of the crop is not uncommon, and. 2713. 'V\ralnut orchard in Southern California, occasionally as high as 80 per cent of the nuts are affected in badly diseased orchards. The treatment of this Walnut disease has been found to be difficiilt, but the spraying of the dormant tree has shown a considerable saving when Bordeaux mixture is used. It has also been learned that the hardshell Walnuts are comi>aratively free from this disease, and that certain softshell varieties are so nearly free that the grafting of nursery stock from these resistant trees is contemplated for new orchards. As no species of Wal- nut except J. reqia has thus far shown this disease under natural conditions, many hybridizations have been undertake
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