. Science of railways . ess ends of spring together with finger andthumb, and take spring out. Hold bottom of nut up againstbottom of pipe, and then take out the section of ring whichhas both ends beveled, turn nut on pipe so as to bring one ofthe other sections on top of pipe, and again hold bottom ofnut up against bottom of pipe, and remove the section on topof pipe; then remove the remaining section in a similar man-ner. The Presto Nut will then slip over the collar or flangeof the union sleeve without even having to take the pipe down. CAST STEEL FOR LOCOMOTIVE PARTS. The use of cast steel
. Science of railways . ess ends of spring together with finger andthumb, and take spring out. Hold bottom of nut up againstbottom of pipe, and then take out the section of ring whichhas both ends beveled, turn nut on pipe so as to bring one ofthe other sections on top of pipe, and again hold bottom ofnut up against bottom of pipe, and remove the section on topof pipe; then remove the remaining section in a similar man-ner. The Presto Nut will then slip over the collar or flangeof the union sleeve without even having to take the pipe down. CAST STEEL FOR LOCOMOTIVE PARTS. The use of cast steel in place of wrought or cast ironis of quite modern practice. The object accomplishedthereby is a reduction of cost over wrought iron and alightening and strengthening of parts formerly con-structed of cast iron. The first locomotive parts to be made of cast steelwere the centers of driving wheels. As cast steel isordinarily considered about three times as strong ascast iron, the section of all parts of the wheel center. Fig. Cast, Steel Cross-Head for 4-Bar Guides. was thus safely reduced, making them more symmet-rical, lighter, and still much stronger. The weight on driving wheels being such a govern-ing factor in determining the size and design of newlocomotives, this practice of effecting a reduction offrom two thousand to three thousand pounds in thedriving wheels of a locomotive, and permitting thesame weight to be added to the boiler, is a very impor-tant one in American practice. (638) LOCOMOTIVE APPLIANCES. 639 Subsequently the substitution of cast steel forwrought iron in locomotive cross-heads came into
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