. Roentgen interpretation; a manual for students and practitioners . bodies. These cervicalribs may be of sufficient length to articulate with the sternum orbe attached to the first rib. They are usually longer than theyappear on the plate, due to foreshortening of their shadow. On the VARIATIONS OF THE TARSUS 29 other hand, one or more ribs may be absent, or partially so, oradjacent ribs may be fused. A mild form of this latter conditionis frequently seen near the sternal end, where a rib may flare con-siderably before its attachment to the costal cartilage, and thisenlargement may or may not
. Roentgen interpretation; a manual for students and practitioners . bodies. These cervicalribs may be of sufficient length to articulate with the sternum orbe attached to the first rib. They are usually longer than theyappear on the plate, due to foreshortening of their shadow. On the VARIATIONS OF THE TARSUS 29 other hand, one or more ribs may be absent, or partially so, oradjacent ribs may be fused. A mild form of this latter conditionis frequently seen near the sternal end, where a rib may flare con-siderably before its attachment to the costal cartilage, and thisenlargement may or may not be perforated. Scapulae.—These bones vary considerably in thickness and holesmay occur in the thin regions, especially in old people; in the sameway unusually prominent grooves may simulate fractures. There isa condition known as congenital elevation of the scapula (Sprengelsdeformity), in which a partially developed scapula is found high uptoward the neck. In cases of obstetrical paralysis there may be animperfect development of the lower half of the Fig. 7.—Congenital abnormality of the scapulge. Variations of the Carpus.—Perhaps the most important anomalyhere is the divided scaphoid, which is to be differentiated from afracture of the scaphoid. The margins of the halves are morerounded and smooth and the space separating them is not quite soblack as in the case of fracture. The semilunar and the radialsesamoid of the thumb may be similarly divided. Small extrabones may be found, of which the most common is the styloid; thisdevelops from an extra center of ossification lying between thetrapezoid, the magnum and the third metacarpal. Variations of the Tarsus.—The astragalus bears a backward pro-longation of variable length which often exists as a separate bone,the trigonum; when present it must be differentiated from a frac-ture of a long process. The next in order of importance is the tibialeexternum, a small detached bone which sometimes occurs at the 30 A
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