. Railroad construction : theory and practice : a textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . lly exposed places, yet their lengthis frequently very great and they are liable to destruction by confine such a fire to a limited section, ^fire-breaks aremade—, the shed is discontinued for a length of perhaps 100feet. Then, to protect that section of track, a V-shaped de-flector will be placed on the uphill side which wdll deflect all 338 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. §291. descending material so that it passes over the sheds. Solid cribwork is largely used for these


. Railroad construction : theory and practice : a textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . lly exposed places, yet their lengthis frequently very great and they are liable to destruction by confine such a fire to a limited section, ^fire-breaks aremade—, the shed is discontinued for a length of perhaps 100feet. Then, to protect that section of track, a V-shaped de-flector will be placed on the uphill side which wdll deflect all 338 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. §291. descending material so that it passes over the sheds. Solid cribwork is largely used for these structures. Fortunately suitabletimber for such construction is usually plentiful and cheapwhere these structures are necessary. Sufficient ventilationis obtained by longitudinal openings along one side immediatelyunder the roof. Summer tracks are usually built outsidethe sheds to avoid the discomfort of passing through these semi-tunnels in pleasant weather. The fundamental elements inthe design of such structures is shown in Fig. 163, which illus-trates some of the sheds used on the Canadian Pacific Railroad. Fig. 163.—Snow-sheds—Canadian Pacific Railroad, 292. Turn-tables. The essential feature of a turn-table is acarriage of sufficient size and strength to carry a locomotive,the carriage turning on a pivot of sufficient size to carry such aload. The carriage revolves in a circular pit w^hose top hasthe same general level as the surrounding tracks. The car-riages were formerly made largely of wood; very many ofthose still in use are of cast iron. Structural steel is now uni- § 292. MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS. 339 versally employed for all modern work and since the construc-tion of the carriage and the pivot is a special problem in struc-tures, no further attention will here be paid to the subject,except to that part which the railroad engineer must work out—laying out the site and preparing the foundation. Theminimum length of such a c


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