. Electric railway journal . from the Little Falls substation. The substation equipment for the signals includes aduplicate set of 5-kva, oil-cooled, step-up transformers,together with the necessary switchboard equipment toprovide means for cutting each transformer in or outso that either one may be used. The current is fur-nished at 370 volts, forty cycles, single phase, and isstepped up to the 2300-volt signaling mains, for trans- April 11, 1914.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL 837 mission over No. 8 bare copper wires installed on thepole line. At the various signal locations it is steppeddown by
. Electric railway journal . from the Little Falls substation. The substation equipment for the signals includes aduplicate set of 5-kva, oil-cooled, step-up transformers,together with the necessary switchboard equipment toprovide means for cutting each transformer in or outso that either one may be used. The current is fur-nished at 370 volts, forty cycles, single phase, and isstepped up to the 2300-volt signaling mains, for trans- April 11, 1914.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL 837 mission over No. 8 bare copper wires installed on thepole line. At the various signal locations it is steppeddown by means of oil-cooled transformers to 110 voltsfor the operation of the signals, and to 12 volts for theoperation of signal lights and relays. The signal switch- ers are also provided with suitable secondary windingsto supply current at the proper voltage for the oper-ation of the various track circuits. The track relaysare of the Union Switch & Signal Companys two- andthree-position, Model 12, polyphase type, and have two. Utica Signals—Exterior View of Little Falls Substation and Signal System—Panel Board boards are provided with an ammeter, a wattmeter andan inverse time element relay, the latter being ar-ranged to automatically open the connection to line incase of trouble. All track circuits are of the alternating current two-rail return type, with impedance bonds inserted be-tween the ends of abutting circuits to provide a path windings, one connected to the track and the other tothe 12-volt secondary of the signal transformers. Theseinstruments are protected by 10-amp fuses insertedin the connections between the track and the relay and5-amp fuses in the connections between the transform-ers and the relays. The inductive bonds installed at theend of all track circuits are arranged to carry con-
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