. American engineer and railroad journal . and 3) containing 39 straight tubes, each °i inches in diameterby 9 inches long, containing square feet of heating sur-face. The receivers to which the tubes were attachedwere flat, the end plates were of glass, so that the tubescould be seen right through and the action going on inside could bedistintly observed. A steam receiver was also placed on the top,connecting the two other receivers. Heat was supplied by twoBunsen burners, consisting of two tubes with cross slots, the heat-ng taking place being very much similar to that of an ordina
. American engineer and railroad journal . and 3) containing 39 straight tubes, each °i inches in diameterby 9 inches long, containing square feet of heating sur-face. The receivers to which the tubes were attachedwere flat, the end plates were of glass, so that the tubescould be seen right through and the action going on inside could bedistintly observed. A steam receiver was also placed on the top,connecting the two other receivers. Heat was supplied by twoBunsen burners, consisting of two tubes with cross slots, the heat-ng taking place being very much similar to that of an ordinaryfiregrate burner. The model was so constructed that it could beused or tried in a great number of different positions. The first series of experiments was made with a view of find-ing out the relative value of heating surface when the tubes wereangled from a horizontal position gradually to that of a verticalone, or through an angle of 90 degrees. The experiments were con-ducted at atmospheric pressure, and commenced by first raising a. Fig. 1 Fie 3a. given weight of water to the boiling point, and then ascertainingthe amount evaporated after an interval of 1.) minutes. After a few preliminary trials, it was found that when the boilerwas angled about 10 degrees from the horizontal the evaporationwas highest, viz., 8Jo ounces ; when the angle was increased to 15degrees, the evaporation was 8Y ounces ; 30 degrees, ounces, 45degrees, ; ounces; 60 degrees, 5% ounces ; 75 degrees, 5}.o ounces;and 90 degrees, 5 ounces. Again on reducing the angle to 5 degrees,the evaporation was 9}^ ounces, and when level 7i ounces. Itmay be here stated that owing to the preFsure of gas varyinga little, very seldom the same results could exactly be arrived at,but by mailing several trials the above is a fair average. This isgraphically represented in Fig. 3 (top curve) ; the vertical oidi-nates representing the percentage of evaporation at the various ♦ From a paper read before the (
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering
