Technical paper . pitch from still 4. An arrangement of bafflescompels the tar in going through a still to pass in a circuitous mannerfrom inlet to outlet. Before entering still 1 the tar is heated by thesensible heat of the pitch; that is, the tar passes through pipes withinthe pitch coolere before entering that still. In the Kubierschkj S3s-tem,^ another continuous process that has attracted some attention, thetar is blown into the still in a spray. Superheated steam blown frombelow comes in direct contact with the tar. The distillationprogresses in stages in a series of chambers. 2 Chambers
Technical paper . pitch from still 4. An arrangement of bafflescompels the tar in going through a still to pass in a circuitous mannerfrom inlet to outlet. Before entering still 1 the tar is heated by thesensible heat of the pitch; that is, the tar passes through pipes withinthe pitch coolere before entering that still. In the Kubierschkj S3s-tem,^ another continuous process that has attracted some attention, thetar is blown into the still in a spray. Superheated steam blown frombelow comes in direct contact with the tar. The distillationprogresses in stages in a series of chambers. 2 Chambers, E. V., Tar dehydration: Jour. Gas Lighting, vol. 132, 1915, pp. 261-264;Livesey, Frank, Somp notfs on the partial distillation of tar in a Wiltons continuousstill : Pp. ; Wardcll, R., Notes on tar dehydration : Pp. 375-377. Borrman, C. II., Tar—New methods used in washing and distilling liquids : Chem., Jahrg. 28, 1915, pp. 377-380, 381-388; Jour. See. Chem. Ind., vol. 34,1915, p. Figure 2.—Vertical tar still, Europoan type :a. Tar inlet; b, man-hole; c, safety valve;d, distillate offtake; e, steam inleL 14 TAR AND ITS SIMPLE CRUDE DERIVATIVES. SEPARATION OF TAR FROM WATER^DEHYDRATION. When tar condenses from illuminating gas there is condensedsimultaneously a considerable amount of water. As it is desirablefor obvious reasons that the tar be as free from water as possible,a means of making this separation is usually provided at all plantsproducing tar. METHODS. The simplest method of separating water is the settling method,in which quantities of tar are allowed to settle in undisturbed tanks;the tar, being of higher specific gravity, settles to the bottom belowthe water. At some plants tar is heated to facilitate the separation,heating being particularly advantageous with tars of high method of separation does not afford complete dehydration ofthe tar; in fact, coal tar so treated contains 2 to 8 per cent of water,depending on
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