. Cyclopedia of farm crops : a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada. Agriculture -- Canada; Agriculture -- United States; Farm produce -- Canada; Farm produce -- United States. WINE, CIDER AND VINEGAR 185 air. This surface is usually supplied by use of shavings, blocks of wood, cobs, strips of rattan, coal and the like. The generator must first be charged or infected with the proper kind of bacteria. This is generally done by pouring through it a culture of some desirable species. The organisms are deposited on the surfaces of the substratum employed
. Cyclopedia of farm crops : a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada. Agriculture -- Canada; Agriculture -- United States; Farm produce -- Canada; Farm produce -- United States. WINE, CIDER AND VINEGAR 185 air. This surface is usually supplied by use of shavings, blocks of wood, cobs, strips of rattan, coal and the like. The generator must first be charged or infected with the proper kind of bacteria. This is generally done by pouring through it a culture of some desirable species. The organisms are deposited on the surfaces of the substratum employed and devolpe their zoogloea masses, so that the whole is covered with a la}^er of the slimy mother. In the perforated disk or false head are a large number of small holes, each generally provided with a piece of wicking or string, down which the alcoholic solution can trickle and thus be brought, in a thin layer, in con- tact with the bacteria. The alcoholic solu- tion is introduced into the space above the false head, either by a spout, tilting trough or "sparger," a set of revolving arms per- forated with holes from which the alco- holic solution is forced into the top of the generator. Below the false bottom is a row of holes through which air is admitted, and at the bottom a receptacle for the liquid which has passed through the generator. The oxidation of the alcohol within produces heat, and there is a constant updraught of air inside the generator from the holes below. Thus the solution which has been added is constantly coming in contact with fresh organisms and fresh air and oxidation is rapid. It is found practically that it requires about 1,000 liters of air to oxidize each 100 grams of alcohol. Great care has to be taken with the heating as well as the ventilation of a vinegar factory. Since so much heat of oxidation is produced within the generators where the action is taking place, it is necessary to regulate the surrounding tempera- ture so as not to get
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