. Our greater country; being a standard history of the United States from the discovery of the American continent to the present time ... and not upon the principle of raisingrevenue, was unconstitutional, and was there-fore null and void. Provision was made byanother clause for testing the constitutionalityof the law before the courts of the State. The State assumed the right to forbid thecollection of the duties imposed by the tariffwithin its limits ; and if the general govern-ment should resist the course of the Stateby force, the State of South Carolina wasdeclared to be no longer a membe
. Our greater country; being a standard history of the United States from the discovery of the American continent to the present time ... and not upon the principle of raisingrevenue, was unconstitutional, and was there-fore null and void. Provision was made byanother clause for testing the constitutionalityof the law before the courts of the State. The State assumed the right to forbid thecollection of the duties imposed by the tariffwithin its limits ; and if the general govern-ment should resist the course of the Stateby force, the State of South Carolina wasdeclared to be no longer a member of the 566 FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE CIVIL WAR. Union. This ordinance was to take effecton the twelfth of February, 1833, unless inthe meantime the general government shouldabandon its policy of protection and returnto a tariff for revenue only. Matters had reached this state when thePresidential election occurred in the fall of1832. The country at large was utterlyopposed to the course of South Carolina,and denied its right to nullify a law of Con-gress or to Avithdraw from the Union insupport of this right. Intense excitement. EDWARD LIVINGSTON prevailed, and the course of the Presidentwas watched with the gravest anxiety. Hewas known to be opposed to the protectivepolicy; but it was generally believed that hewas firm in his intention to enforce the laws,however he might disapprove of them. Congress met in December, 1832, and inhis annual message President Jackson urgedupon that body a reduction of the message gave great satisfaction to theopponents of the tariff. A few days laterthe President issued a proclamation against nullification, moderate in language, but firmin tone. He expressed his opinion that thecourse of South Carolina was unlawful andwrong, and intimated that he would exertthe power intrusted to him to compel obedi-ence to the constitution and laws of theUnion. He appealed to the people of SouthCarolina not to persist in the enforcement o^their or
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