. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 198 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 490. C. brachypetalum Desp.—According to Schuiz ('Beitrage,' I, pp. 51-2), the number of stamens varies in this species, as in its allies. The stigmas are receptive, even before anthesis. When the flowers open, contact between stigmas and anthers very rarely, if ever, takes place. Automatic self-pollination regularly occurs, however, when they close. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, female ones have also been observed, distribute
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 198 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 490. C. brachypetalum Desp.—According to Schuiz ('Beitrage,' I, pp. 51-2), the number of stamens varies in this species, as in its allies. The stigmas are receptive, even before anthesis. When the flowers open, contact between stigmas and anthers very rarely, if ever, takes place. Automatic self-pollination regularly occurs, however, when they close. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, female ones have also been observed, distributed gynomonoeciously, more rarely gynodioeciously. Visitors.—Schuiz noticed two flies. Schletterer observed the two small bees Andrena parvula K. and Halictus morio F. at Pola. 491. C. tomentosum L.—Warming observed protandry, with transitions to homogamy in cultivated plants. Automatic self-pollination takes place towards the end of anthesis. 492. C. viscosum L.—Batalin observed that in plants of this species developed from seeds the flowers of the first summer often remained closed, while open flowers were produced the following year. 493. C. trigynum Vill. (= Stellaria cerastoides L). (Ricca,' Oss. sulla fecondaz. incroc. d. veget. alp. e subalp.'; Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 188-9; Schuiz,. Fig. 58. Cerasiium trigyntim^ Vill. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Section of a flower in the middle of anthesis (X 7). B. Halfclosed flower in the act of automatic self-poilination. 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 49-50.)—Hermann Miiller and Ricca describe the odorous flowers as being homogamous, but Schuiz says that they are sometimes slightly protogynous or protandrous. In sunny weather the anthers are so far from the stigmas that insects alighting in the middle of the flowers effect cross-pollination. In cold, dull weather the flowers hardly open at all, but in somewhat warmer cloudy weather they do so rather more. Under such circumstances automatic self-pollination always takes plac
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