. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. Practically everykingly function was usurped by these great prime minis-ters, while the help-less kings were con-fined on some greatestate, and only pro-duced as carefullyguarded prisoners onstate occasions. Many of these may-ors of the palace weremen of great abilityand applied their en-ergy genuinely to thepublic good. Particu-larly, in a happy yearCharles Martel (714-41) came into , active,and capable, he sethimself to repressingthe anarchy every-where prevalent,2 and restored something akin to law, order,and
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. Practically everykingly function was usurped by these great prime minis-ters, while the help-less kings were con-fined on some greatestate, and only pro-duced as carefullyguarded prisoners onstate occasions. Many of these may-ors of the palace weremen of great abilityand applied their en-ergy genuinely to thepublic good. Particu-larly, in a happy yearCharles Martel (714-41) came into , active,and capable, he sethimself to repressingthe anarchy every-where prevalent,2 and restored something akin to law, order,and comparatively civilized life. It was well that he did 732, a terrible peril confronted Frankland and all Christ-endom, and Charles needed his entire strength. 23. The Battle of Tours (732). In 711, the disastrous battle 1 The Major Domus, as the officers are often styled, after the Latin. 2 Much effective preliminary work had been done by Charless father, Pepinof Heristal, the mayor of the palace before him, and himself no mean figure inFrankish CHAIR OF THE SEVENTH CENTURYRestored in the twelfth century. (In the Cabinet des Me dailies) THE MONARCHY OF THE FRANKS 45 of Xeres delivered Spain into the hands of the Moslem invad-ers. The long-decadent Visigothic kingdom vanished in bloodand smoke. Only in the extreme northwest of the land, closeto the Atlantic and the stormy Bay of Biscay, a little band ofChristians turned at bay, and checked the invader. But thisseemed a mere incident. Spain was now practically a Moham-medan land. In 721, the victorious hordes of Islam beganpressing over the Pyrenees and threatening southern Gaul. Odo, the Duke of Aquitaine, had been a disobedient vassalof Charles Martel. He strove at first to fling back thePaynims with his own might, but by 732 he had been sobeaten that he had no refuge save in the help of his was a great crisis confronting Christianity. If Charles couldbe overcome, there seemed no reason why at least
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