. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. the oxide formed the cortex of a uric acid nu- cleus ; in the others it was the sole ingredient. Unger has discovered minute traces of a sub- stance which he considers closely allied to, if not identical with, xanthin in guano: its pre- cise chemical relations, however, appear to be as yet not fully determined. Observations are wanting concerning the characters of uric oxide sediments : Berzelius says they are pulverulent and grey. 9. The carbonate of lime calculus, very rare in man, is not uncommon in graminivorous anim
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. the oxide formed the cortex of a uric acid nu- cleus ; in the others it was the sole ingredient. Unger has discovered minute traces of a sub- stance which he considers closely allied to, if not identical with, xanthin in guano: its pre- cise chemical relations, however, appear to be as yet not fully determined. Observations are wanting concerning the characters of uric oxide sediments : Berzelius says they are pulverulent and grey. 9. The carbonate of lime calculus, very rare in man, is not uncommon in graminivorous animals. Dr. Prout has seen some small cal- culi from the human subject consisting of this salt, of perfectly white colour and very friable. The carbonate may, however, be impure, and the mass accordingly vary in colour from yel- low to brown and red. this species has been observed by Smith with the appearance of a mulberry calculus*, by Brugnatelli, Fromm- herz, Walther, Loir, and others. Wood f has described two of pearly, and Rampold J one of metallic lustre. 10. Carbonate of magnesia, according to Berzelius, very probably exists in all calculi composed of carbonate of lime. It appears to have been actually detected in two instances only, — once by Moscati, once by Lindbergson. 11. Urate of magnesia has been found form- ing the chief mass of two calculi by Scharling; urate of ammonia was likewise present. 12. Urates of soda, potassa, and lime, never form the entire mass of a calculus. The former was found in large quantity by Lindbergson in the calculus just referred to. It is uncertain whether urate of soda exists naturally in the urine; it occurs in association with uric acid and urate of ammonia in sediments, as already mentioned. 13. Phosphate of magnesia is, according to Brugnatelli, of common occurrence, either mixed with triple phosphate, or forming alter- nate layers with it. 14. Chloride of sodium never forms the sub- stance of calculi, and the conditions under which
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