. Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy. Anatomy. 438 THE MUSCULAK SYSTEM. form a narrow ligamentous band which connects the last rib to the iliac crest between the muscles of the back on the one hand and those of the abdominal wall on the other. The middle layer is a fascia which stretches laterally from the ends of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebras, between the sacrospinalis behind and the quadratus lumborum muscle in front. The anterior layer is attached to the lumbar vertebrae near the bases of their transverse processes. It covers the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum
. Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy. Anatomy. 438 THE MUSCULAK SYSTEM. form a narrow ligamentous band which connects the last rib to the iliac crest between the muscles of the back on the one hand and those of the abdominal wall on the other. The middle layer is a fascia which stretches laterally from the ends of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebras, between the sacrospinalis behind and the quadratus lumborum muscle in front. The anterior layer is attached to the lumbar vertebrae near the bases of their transverse processes. It covers the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle, and separates it from the psoas major. The psoas fascia is continuous at the lateral border of the psoas major muscle with the anterior layer of the lumbo-dorsal fascia. At the lateral borders of the quadratus lumborum and sacrospinalis muscles the three layers blend together, and give partial origin to the obliquus internus and transversus abdominis muscles. LoNOissiMrs CAPITIS LONGISSIMOS CERVICIS Iliocostalis DORSI [LIOCOSTALI: LUJIBOROI. LoNGissmrs DORSI Iliocostalis cervtcis THE MUSCLES OF THE BACK. The muscles of the back are ar- ranged in four series according to their attachments : (1) vertebro - scapular and vertebro-humeral, (2) vertebro- costal, (3) vertebro-cranial, and (4) vertebral. They are in irregular strata, the most superficial muscles having the most widely spread attach- ments. The first series of muscles of the back, connecting the axial skeleton to the upper limb, have already been described. They are arranged in two layers: (1) trapezius and latissimus dorsi superficially; (2) levator scapulas, and rhomboidei, beneath the trapezius (p. 368). The remaining muscles are almost entirely axial, and may be divided into four groups: (1) serrati posteriores, superior and inferior ; splenius capitis and splenius cervicis; (2) sacrospinalis and semispinalis capitis; (3) semi- spinalis dorsi and cervicis (trans verso- spinales); and (4) the small deep muscl
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectanatomy, bookyear1914
