. Elementary entomology. Insects. i8 ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY Diptera. The flies have several types of mouth-parts, all essen- tially suctorial. Those of the horse-fly and mosquito are good examples of the piercing type (Figs. 15, 18, 20). Superficially they resemble those of the Hemiptera, but the sheath of the beak is not so strong and is quite open above, and there are six lancetlike or- gans which in the horse-fly are quite strongly devel- oped. The esophagus is controlled by sets of mus- cles which make it an effec- tive bulb for pumping up the food. The common house-flies and blow-flies hav
. Elementary entomology. Insects. i8 ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY Diptera. The flies have several types of mouth-parts, all essen- tially suctorial. Those of the horse-fly and mosquito are good examples of the piercing type (Figs. 15, 18, 20). Superficially they resemble those of the Hemiptera, but the sheath of the beak is not so strong and is quite open above, and there are six lancetlike or- gans which in the horse-fly are quite strongly devel- oped. The esophagus is controlled by sets of mus- cles which make it an effec- tive bulb for pumping up the food. The common house-flies and blow-flies have mouth-parts (Fig. 19) adapted for rasping or lap- ping rather than for pierc- ing, though the liquid food is sucked up in much the same way. The proboscis consists principally of the very complex labium, or lower lip, which is very much expanded at the tip to form a pair of fleshy lobes. When looked at under the microscope, the tip of the proboscis is seen to contain a series. FIG. 20. Mouth-parts of horse-fly (Tabamis] Upper figure showing mouth-parts separated, and lower figure showing lancets dissected out. (After J. B. Smith) of grooves and transverse horny ridges with sharp, projecting edges. With these rasplike projections the fly is enabled to scrape the surface of the food and gradually loosen small particles, which are dissolved or carried in the saliva to the mouth. Hymenoptera. The mouth-parts of the Hymenoptera include both biting and sucking types. The saw-flies and ants (Fig. 22) have well-developed biting mouth-parts, which are used as such, while in the wasps and bees the maxillae and labium form a tube. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Sanderson, Dwight, 1878-1944; Jackson, C. F. (Cicero Floyd), b. 1882. Boston, New York [etc. ] Ginn and Company
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