. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. are usually dominated by ericaceous genera, such as Vaccinium, Menziesia, Gaultheria, Chimaphila, Rhododendron, and Pyrola. Cor- nus canadensis, Clintonia uniflora, Rubus lasi- ococcus, R. pedatus, Linnaea borealis, Xero- phyllum tenax, and Viola sempervirens are also common species. Rhytidiopsis robusta is the most constant and conspicuous bryo- phyte. Forested communities vary markedly in composition from very dry to very moist sites. In southern Washington (Franklin 1966) the Abies amabilis/Vacc
. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. are usually dominated by ericaceous genera, such as Vaccinium, Menziesia, Gaultheria, Chimaphila, Rhododendron, and Pyrola. Cor- nus canadensis, Clintonia uniflora, Rubus lasi- ococcus, R. pedatus, Linnaea borealis, Xero- phyllum tenax, and Viola sempervirens are also common species. Rhytidiopsis robusta is the most constant and conspicuous bryo- phyte. Forested communities vary markedly in composition from very dry to very moist sites. In southern Washington (Franklin 1966) the Abies amabilis/Vaccinium alaskaense as- sociation is the zonal climax. It is charac- terized by well-developed shrub, herb, and moss layers (fig. 57). Vaccinium alaskaense, V. ovalifolium, Cornus canadensis, Clintonia uniflora, Linnaea borealis, and Rhytidiopsis robusta typify these modal communities. On drier sites are associations with depauperate understories dominated by low shrubs such as Berberis nervosa and Gaultheria shallon or, on lithosolic sites, by the coarse liliaceous Xero- phyllum tenax. More mesic sites have com- munities with herb-rich understories domi- nated by species such as Tiarella unifoliata, Streptopus curvipes, Achlys triphylla, Dryop- teris linnaeana, Vancouveria hexandra, Oxalis oregana, Struthiopteris spicant and Smilacina sessilifolia (figs. 58 and 59). Communities on the wettest forested sites have dense, rich understories typified by Athyrium filix- femina and Oplopanax horridum. Figure 57. — Understory in an Abies amabilis/Vaccin- ium alaskaense community, the zonal climax in the southern Washington Cas- cade Range; Vaccinium alaskaense, Xerophyllum tenax, Comus canadensis, Clintonia uniflora, and Rhytidiopsis ro- busta are notable species (Wind River Research Natural Area, G if ford Pinchot National Forest, Washington).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and ap
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