. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. VENETIAN SUMACH. 517 annual import for the last five years was 6,104 tons. The average price of the best is from £7 to £14 per ton. Venetian Sumach (rhus cotinns), is a shrub growing principally in Italy and the south of France. Both the root and the stem, when deprived of the bark and chipped, are employed for dying a fuU high yellow, appr
. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. VENETIAN SUMACH. 517 annual import for the last five years was 6,104 tons. The average price of the best is from £7 to £14 per ton. Venetian Sumach (rhus cotinns), is a shrub growing principally in Italy and the south of France. Both the root and the stem, when deprived of the bark and chipped, are employed for dying a fuU high yellow, approaching to orange, upon wool or cloth prepai-ed with nitro- muriate of tin. But the colour obtained in this manner is extremely fugitive, neither is it so bright as the yellow, which can be more cheaply obtained from quercitron bark. Four pounds of this chipped wood affords no more colouring matter than one pound of quercitron. This dyewood is seldom used alone; it is employed merely as an accessary colour to heighten cochineal and other dyes, and to give them an approach to a yellow tinge. Venetian sumach was long distinguished in France by the name of fustet, and, with the wood, the name somewhat altered into fustic, was introduced into England. The wood of the morus tinctoria was subsequently brought from America, and likewise employed for dyeing yellow; destitute of a name, the American wood also acquired that of fustic, as being like it a yellow dye-wood. A confusion having conse- quently arisen to distinguish them, the wood of the shrub was called ymmg fustic, and that of the large American tree, which is always imported in the form of large blocks or logs, old fustic. Many persons have in consequence been misled, so far as to conclude that two very distinct dye- ing drugs were the same, differing with each other only in point of age. The wood known in England by the name of green ebony possesses a species of colouring matter very similar to that of morus tinctoria, and
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