. Types and market classes of live stock. the heart through the milk-veins. It is evident that thesize and development of these veins is a good index to thecows milking capacity, hence they are highly useful in judgingdairy cows. The milk-veins of young heifers are small indiameter and are straight. As the heifer develops and hermilk flow increases, the veins show increase in diameter, some-times to an inch or more, become crooked or tortuous, andextend forward toward the fore flanks. The degree of tortu- 124 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock ousness varies according to the veins diameter
. Types and market classes of live stock. the heart through the milk-veins. It is evident that thesize and development of these veins is a good index to thecows milking capacity, hence they are highly useful in judgingdairy cows. The milk-veins of young heifers are small indiameter and are straight. As the heifer develops and hermilk flow increases, the veins show increase in diameter, some-times to an inch or more, become crooked or tortuous, andextend forward toward the fore flanks. The degree of tortu- 124 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock ousness varies according to the veins diameter, small veins be-ing nearly straight and large ones very crooked indeed. Therewill be at least two milk-veins, one on each side of the belly,and sometimes there will be three, the third one having a posi-tion on the middle of the abdomen between the two side sometimes show more or less branching, each branchpassing forward and disappearing through its own diameter of veins is probably most important, length. Fig. 32. An Inferior Dairy Cow. Note the staggy head, coarse neck, uneven top line, small barrel,coarse sloping rump, beefy thighs, and small funnel-shaped wedge from the side view points the wrong way. and extension of veins are also regarded as important, indicat-ing an increased venous development and capacity for a largerflow of blood, due to the added number of milk-wells whichmake easy the work of handling a large circulation. Nearlyall phenomenal producers have veins not only of large diameterand decided tortuousness, but also of many branches and Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 125 forward extensions. Small veins, called udder veins, occuron some udders, their presence being further evidence of awell-developed mammary circulation. The milk-wells vary in size to correspond with the veins,and are taken into account in judging. They should be largeand easily indented when the finger is applied to them. Theyare especially v
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