. In the land of Tolstoi; experiences of famine and misrule in Russia . e got fromthem the use of one and a-half hectares of good land forsixteen years. In the village district of Starososnimskaja, in the spring of1886, ninety peasants borrowed from a Jculach the sum of 1832-70roubles, and pledged themselves to repay it on August 1following, in 6,109 puds of rye, which the kulacJc valued at28-30 copecks a pud. In addition to this, they had also topay 2,125 puds of hay, of which 1,000 puds were estimatedat four copecks each, and the rest at five copecks. At the sametime that these peasants were
. In the land of Tolstoi; experiences of famine and misrule in Russia . e got fromthem the use of one and a-half hectares of good land forsixteen years. In the village district of Starososnimskaja, in the spring of1886, ninety peasants borrowed from a Jculach the sum of 1832-70roubles, and pledged themselves to repay it on August 1following, in 6,109 puds of rye, which the kulacJc valued at28-30 copecks a pud. In addition to this, they had also topay 2,125 puds of hay, of which 1,000 puds were estimatedat four copecks each, and the rest at five copecks. At the sametime that these peasants were compelled to sell their grain atthirty copecks per pud, their creditors were selling to other hard-pressed peasants at seventy-five copecks to one rouble per pud. In 1885, the peasants in Malouza, district Novo Usensk,borrowed 300 roubles from a merchant for half a-year, andgave him in payment seven yoke of the best draught oxen, twolarge ploughs, two waggons, and two water casks; these lastare especially well made, and of considerable cost. Causes of the Famine. 21. A MUSIIIK ON THE TEAM!. lu ten villages of the district Nikolajevsk, the annual rateof interest was found to be 250 per cent.; in fifty-three others itwas 90*8 per cent. During the bad seasons of 1888-9, most of the peasants in 22 Causes op the Famine. tlie two districts just mentioned were compelled to sell all theircattle and sheep. There was nothing left to pawn, so thecommunity began to borrow, on security of the communal land;according to figures given in that year, 56 communer hadalready so pledged their land, and 107 were in debt to hulacksand merchants. In the district of Bugulminsk, the population is largelycomposed of Tatars, Mordvins, and other non-Russian ktdacks have taken advantage of the greater ignorance ofbusiness matters to exact many times the amount reallydue. For example, a man borrowed 155 roubles for a could not pay up promptly, so his creditor seized his barn,all his str
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