. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Asia and the Pacific. 19 Indonesia Land area ,570 sq kmt, 1,918,663 si), km (officio!) Population (1989) 184 6 011111011 Population growth rate (1987-2000) 17 pel ceol Expected maximum population (2ISO) 355 millioo Gross national product (1987) US$450 per copito Rain forest (see mops) 1,148,400 sq km Monsoon forest (see mops) 30,740 sq km Closed broadleaved/coniferous forest (1980)t 1,138,950 sq km Annual deforestation rate (1981-5)t 6000 sq km Annual deforestation rate (late 1980s) up to 12,000 sq km Roundwood production" 173,598,000 co
. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Asia and the Pacific. 19 Indonesia Land area ,570 sq kmt, 1,918,663 si), km (officio!) Population (1989) 184 6 011111011 Population growth rate (1987-2000) 17 pel ceol Expected maximum population (2ISO) 355 millioo Gross national product (1987) US$450 per copito Rain forest (see mops) 1,148,400 sq km Monsoon forest (see mops) 30,740 sq km Closed broadleaved/coniferous forest (1980)t 1,138,950 sq km Annual deforestation rate (1981-5)t 6000 sq km Annual deforestation rate (late 1980s) up to 12,000 sq km Roundwood production" 173,598,000 co m Roundwood exports' 1,131,000 to m Fuelwood and charcoal production* 133,989,000 to m Sawlog ond veneer log production* 36,690,000 to m Sowlog and veneer log exports* 3000 tu m 1988 Ma h™ F«0 ,1990) t F«0/UNEP (1981); FAO (1988). Indonesia is a huge archipelago extending for 4500 km between the Asian and Austrahan continents. Once more or less completely covered in tropical rain and monsoon forests, Indonesia still retains well over one million square kilometres of such forests, more than any other nation in the region. Worldwide, only Brazil has more rain forest than Indonesia. There are major biogeographical differences between the different parts of Indonesia, of which the most important are between the western and the eastern ends. This difference is most clearly seen in the animals, which form two groups, divided by Wallace's Line, which lies east of Borneo at the edge of the Sunda continental shelf and is one of the sharpest zoogeographical frontiers in the world. The single most important family of tropical timber trees, the Dipterocarpaceae, is found almost entirely in the lowland rain forests west of Wallace's Line, but in general this frontier is much less important for plants than for animals. Major exploitation of the Indonesian rain forests for timber began in the 1960s and is continuing today. The lowland rain forests of Sumatra and Kalimantan have been parti
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