. College collection of palaeontology. MAMMALIA. 23 Tlii'ee genera of tlie order are known, tlie still living Elephas^ and the extinct Mastodon and Dinothe7'ium. Some related forms like Dhiocrata abounded in the Eocene. Dinothe7'iu7n is found only in the Miocene and Pliocene of the Old World. The Elephants {Mastodon and Elephas) appear suddenly, without immediate ancestors, as far as discoveries Jiow show. While Dinotlieriuni is a generalized proboscidian, it may not be con- sidei-ed as in the line of descent of the Elephant. The Eocene and Miocene strata of America, Europe and India, are so w
. College collection of palaeontology. MAMMALIA. 23 Tlii'ee genera of tlie order are known, tlie still living Elephas^ and the extinct Mastodon and Dinothe7'ium. Some related forms like Dhiocrata abounded in the Eocene. Dinothe7'iu7n is found only in the Miocene and Pliocene of the Old World. The Elephants {Mastodon and Elephas) appear suddenly, without immediate ancestors, as far as discoveries Jiow show. While Dinotlieriuni is a generalized proboscidian, it may not be con- sidei-ed as in the line of descent of the Elephant. The Eocene and Miocene strata of America, Europe and India, are so well known that some other region seems more likelj^ to supply the missing links. Mastodon appeared in the Middle Miocene of Eui'ope, and in Lower Pliocene of America. Elephas appeared in both conti- nents somewhat later than Mastodon. Only in America did Mastodon linger through the Quaternary. Elephas lyrimigenius (''Mammoth") roamed over all the Arctic regions in the Post-tertiarj^, but the United States and Mexico were occupied by E. Americamis. The latter species is, however, regarded by many authorities as only a modification of the mammoth. Two species of Elephas have been named from South America. Three species of DinotTierium. have been named; some four- teen of Elephas^ and twenty of Mastodon. The last two genera blend together by gradations of structure. No. 38. [132J Elephas primigenins, Blnm. Lower Jaw, Young (cast). Tliis is the latest form of true Elephant which lived in a temperate latitude; the best known of all the fossil species, and the most highly specialized member of the order. The range of the animal was ap- parently between the 40thand 70th parallels of latitude; and its remains are found ex- clusively in Pleistocene deposits. The in- habitants of Siberia call it Mammoth, or subterranean Mole, believing that it lived under ground. It is not a little singular that Darwin found a theory held by the people of the Pampas that the Mastodon was a burrowing
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