Shell-fish industries . y identical with thoseof the Romans of two thousandyears ago. Stakes are driven intothe bottom enclosing small rectan-gular spaces. These are connectedby means of ropes from which aresuspended bundles of twigs. Onthis brush the swimming young ofthe oyster attach. They are leftin this position to grow to mar-ketable size, or are removed andspread out in wicker baskets,which also are suspended fromropes. As tides are not great,they are seldom exix) culture, as it is carried on in various parts ofthe world to-day, is everywhere essentially the sameprocess, but wh
Shell-fish industries . y identical with thoseof the Romans of two thousandyears ago. Stakes are driven intothe bottom enclosing small rectan-gular spaces. These are connectedby means of ropes from which aresuspended bundles of twigs. Onthis brush the swimming young ofthe oyster attach. They are leftin this position to grow to mar-ketable size, or are removed andspread out in wicker baskets,which also are suspended fromropes. As tides are not great,they are seldom exix) culture, as it is carried on in various parts ofthe world to-day, is everywhere essentially the sameprocess, but what may be called modern methods are ofindependent origin in Europe, in Japan, and in our owncountry. During the first half of the nineteenth cen-tury, natural beds in Europe and America were still largeenough to satisfy the demands of the markets, but in thelast fifty years very rapid social changes have occurred,one result being that many of the luxuries of previoustimes became common necessities, especially in our own. Fig. i8. — Portugeseoyster ( O s t r e aaugulata). Oyster Culture In Europe and Japan 71 country. Among other things, the demand for oystersincreased enormously. This soon resuUed in the de-struction of natural oyster beds, and the development ofartificial means of supplying the market. In the early part of the nineteenth century, naturaloyster beds were numerous on certain parts of theFrench and English coasts. The history of their de-struction is valuable, because it shows liow entirely mis-leading statistics may become in matters of this Cancale Bay, on the northern coast of France, com-paratively few^ oysters were taken during the last of theNapoleonic wars, and the beds, having been undisturbed,had become very extensive. In 1817 dredging beganagain without interruption from English war vessels,and during that year, great numbers of oysters weremarketed from these beds. Year after year they in-creased. Every one connected with the industrycame to
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