. Europe and other continents . oors, while two of her principal ports, Hamburgand Bremen, face Great Britain and the West. On the 277 278 EUROPE map (Fig. 172) find some of the large cities that can bequickly reached from Germany- In these clays of rail-ways Germanys central position is superior to that ofEngland for European trade. People and Government. — It has required a greatstruggle, which has lasted through centuries, to bring under one rulethe various peoplewithin the boun-dary line of theGerman early timesnorth Germanywas occupied bymen of Germanicstock and southGermanyby C
. Europe and other continents . oors, while two of her principal ports, Hamburgand Bremen, face Great Britain and the West. On the 277 278 EUROPE map (Fig. 172) find some of the large cities that can bequickly reached from Germany- In these clays of rail-ways Germanys central position is superior to that ofEngland for European trade. People and Government. — It has required a greatstruggle, which has lasted through centuries, to bring under one rulethe various peoplewithin the boun-dary line of theGerman early timesnorth Germanywas occupied bymen of Germanicstock and southGermanyby Celts,the same racesthat the Romansfound in Celts werefinally overcomeby the Germans,although theyhave left numer-ous traces were dark eyed and dark haired, while the Germanicpeople were light complexioned ; and the former character-istics are to this clay common in south Germany. Besidesthe Celtic and Germanic peoples, Slavs and other racesfrom the east settled in early times in the eastern Fig. German peasant girl spinning. GERMAN EMPIRE 279 For centuries there was, at best, only a loose confederationto hold these varied peoples together ; and the numerous stateswhich occupied the region were often at war with one anotherand with surrounding nations. Their condition was, in somerespects, similar to our own during and immediately followingthe Revolutionary War. There was, however, one importantfact to their disadvantage—their meddlesome neighbors helpedto intensify the quarrels that arose among them. During the War of 1866 Prussia and Austria, the prin-cipal kingdoms of the German Confederation, strove witheach other for the exclusive leadership. Prussia provedsuccessful, and Austria withdrew from the union. Soonafterward, in 1870, the German states, without Austria,joined in a war against France, in which they met withsignal victory, taking possession of even Paris itself. In1871 the new German Empire, with its present boun-daries
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