. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. 609. Dewars Experiments. Dewar fiquefied air in 1884 and nitrogen about1892. In 1895 he solidified air by free expansion, producing a jellylike 1896 he obtained liquid hydrogen, by the use of which air and oxygen weresolidified, forming white masses. A temperature of — ° F. was final apparatus was that of Pictet, but compressors were used to deliver 450 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS. Fig. 297. Art. 610.—Liquefaction of Air. the gases to the liquefying chamber, and ethylene was employed in place of car-bon dioxide. 610. Regenera
. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. 609. Dewars Experiments. Dewar fiquefied air in 1884 and nitrogen about1892. In 1895 he solidified air by free expansion, producing a jellylike 1896 he obtained liquid hydrogen, by the use of which air and oxygen weresolidified, forming white masses. A temperature of — ° F. was final apparatus was that of Pictet, but compressors were used to deliver 450 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS. Fig. 297. Art. 610.—Liquefaction of Air. the gases to the liquefying chamber, and ethylene was employed in place of car-bon dioxide. 610. Regenerative Process; LiquidAir. Tlie fall of temperature ac-companying a reduction in pressurehas been utilized by Linde (7) andothers in the manufacture of liquidair. In the first form of apparatus,shown in Fig. 297, air was com-pressed to about 2000 lb. pressure ina three-stage machine A, and aftercooling in B was delivered to theinner tube of a double coil (7, throughwhich it passed to the expansionvalve D. Here a considerable fallof temperature took place. Thecooled and expanded air then passedback through the outer tube of thecoil, cooling the air descending the inner tube, and was dischargedat F. The effect was cumulative, and after a time liquid air wasdeposited in U. In the present type of machine, the compressortakes its supply from F^ a decided improvement. The regenerativeprinciple has been adopted in the recent forms of apparatus ofHa
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