The normal; or, Methods of teaching the common branches, orthoepy, orthography, grammar, geography, arithmetic and elocution .. . l. Innature, it requires 12,934 years to make thechange, and 25,868 years to bring the axis backagain into its present position. Now, if you startthe arm from the east, where the globe will be inthe position of the autumnal equinox, and whileyou turn the arm, you at the same time turn theaxis so that it shall incline easterly, you have onlyto carry the arm around to the south to bring theglobe into the position of the autumnal equinoxagain ; i. e., a quarter of a re
The normal; or, Methods of teaching the common branches, orthoepy, orthography, grammar, geography, arithmetic and elocution .. . l. Innature, it requires 12,934 years to make thechange, and 25,868 years to bring the axis backagain into its present position. Now, if you startthe arm from the east, where the globe will be inthe position of the autumnal equinox, and whileyou turn the arm, you at the same time turn theaxis so that it shall incline easterly, you have onlyto carry the arm around to the south to bring theglobe into the position of the autumnal equinoxagain ; i. e., a quarter of a revolution of the axisproduces a precession of fhe equinox—equal to aquarter of the Earths orbit. The precession, then,we see, is equal to the part of a revolution that theaxis makes. It really makes a change of 50Min a 3ear, and the precession is the same, and itrequires twenty minutes and seventeen seconds forthe earth to pass that part of its orbit. Hence, asbefore stated, the year is so much less than thetime required for an entire revolution. L_ PART V. METHODS OF TEACHING MENTAL,PRACTICAL, AND THEORET-ICAL INTRODUCTION. MENTAL ARITHMETIC. The objects aimed at by the true teacher forhis class in Mental Arithmetic, are— 1st. Distinct mental conceptions. Some teachersmake use of numeral frames, and a variety of otherexpedients, to aid their pupils in realizing thepowers of numbers. I am of the opinion that suchaids may be relied on too far; so far as to retardthe operation of the mind in forming its own con-ceptions. The large majority of pupils will ad-vance more rapidly and self-relyingly. withoutany visible representations whatever, and shouldthey be needed, marks on the blackboard answerevery purpose. 2d. Clear views of cause and effect. From thevery first exercise in Arithmetic, ihe relation ofcause and effect is ever before the mind; equallyas much in answering the question. One and oneare how many? as in the most complex problems^requiring a long contin
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