. Diseases of the kidneys, ureters and bladder, with special reference to the diseases of women. ny authors state thatpelves under 30 c. c. are not hydronephrotic, but certain conditions one does find normal pelves al-most up to 30 c. c. Such are particularly met with in kid-neys w^iere the pelvis is largely or entirely extra-renal. Functional Tests.—As pointed out on page 520 theaverage normal adult pelvis has a capacity of 7 c. c DIAGNOSIS. 543 Many normal pelves will hold only 1 or 2 c. c. Considerinc; these facts, it isevident that if the original pelvis contained only 1 c. c.
. Diseases of the kidneys, ureters and bladder, with special reference to the diseases of women. ny authors state thatpelves under 30 c. c. are not hydronephrotic, but certain conditions one does find normal pelves al-most up to 30 c. c. Such are particularly met with in kid-neys w^iere the pelvis is largely or entirely extra-renal. Functional Tests.—As pointed out on page 520 theaverage normal adult pelvis has a capacity of 7 c. c DIAGNOSIS. 543 Many normal pelves will hold only 1 or 2 c. c. Considerinc; these facts, it isevident that if the original pelvis contained only 1 c. c. and that the dilatationhad brought it up to 20 c. c, such a pelvis is much more hydronephrotic thanone which started at 20 c. c. and has been dilated to 40. How is it possible,then, to tell in a pelvis of from 20 to 30 c. c. whether it is in a normal or hydro-nephrotic state ? Provided the condition is due to some obstruction above thebladder, the answer is found by comparing with the size of pelvis in the oppositekidney. We have foimd in a great number of clinical studies of normal cases. Fig. 268.—Illustration of Using Injection Method to Determine Capacity ofRenal Pelvis in a Case of Hydronephrosis. Injection should be carried on to thepoint of pain. that the two pelves are approximately equal, rarely varying more than one ortwo c. c. This clinical finding has been substantiated by the extensive ana-tomical studies of Max Broedel to such an extent that it can be made an axiomthat the pelves of the kidneys in a normal individual are of equal size. Further-more, in hydronephroses of the early stage it is the rule to find a pelvis whichhas been dilated, say to 20 c. c, to show less force in its contractions and conse-quent ejaculations than that which is normally of 20 c. c, capacity. Therefore,the character of the flow through the catheter should also be carefully observedand noted. Wm. Braasch, of Rochester, Minn., has pointed out that even in early hydro-nephrosis the c
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