Bessemer process, the cast and the blow
Illustration from Cassell's History of England, pub circa 1901. Info from wiki: The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.
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Photo credit: © Historical Images Archive / Alamy / Afripics
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