Niobium (Nb). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of niobium-93 (atomic number:
Niobium (Nb). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of niobium-93 (atomic number: 41), the most common isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 41 protons (red) and 52 neutrons (orange). 41 electrons (white) successively occupy available electron shells (rings). Niobium is a transition metal in group 5, period 5, and the d-block of the periodic table. It has a melting point of 2477 degrees Celsius. The trends across the transition metals are due to electrons filling an inner d-subshell (here, within the 4th ring), shielding the outer (valence) electrons from the increasing nuclear charge.
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