. Automotive industries . imed at in these machines and which isbeing pursued throughout the factory, is to have the machine do every bit of the work of which it is at allpossible to relieve the operator. The stock machines re-placed by the second machine described are shown inFig. 4. The rotary hand feed necessary to bring the tabicup to the work before the automatic feed picks it up, isillustrated. This, of course, has the disadvantage of beingslower, more irksome for the operator, far less fool-proof and much more apt to cause breakage of tools. Theseare highly specialized machines, of cour
. Automotive industries . imed at in these machines and which isbeing pursued throughout the factory, is to have the machine do every bit of the work of which it is at allpossible to relieve the operator. The stock machines re-placed by the second machine described are shown inFig. 4. The rotary hand feed necessary to bring the tabicup to the work before the automatic feed picks it up, isillustrated. This, of course, has the disadvantage of beingslower, more irksome for the operator, far less fool-proof and much more apt to cause breakage of tools. Theseare highly specialized machines, of course, and theirspecific features would not be adapted for other installa-tions. They serve to relieve the operator of muscularand mental strain, for his own benefit and for that of thefirm. He is not required to concentrate to the same degree,with the result that mistakes are less likely to , the work is done more rapidly and, con-sequently, production is greater than with the generaltype of stock tools. 28. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES THE AUTOMOBILE FORUM January 6, 1921 The Proper Method of Measuring Start-ing Torque of Engines Editor Automotive Industries: It is now common practice for automotive engineers touse the winter cranking torque of an engine as the deter-mining factor in selecting a suitable starting motor, as itis well known that the winter conditions are the most se-vere to be met. In addition, the battery performance ismuch lower in winter than in summer, and this in turnlowers the performance of the motor. While engineersagree on the above, I find that there is a diversity of opin-ion as to the nature of cranking torque performance ofan engine at low temperature and as to the proper methodof measuring same. It frequently happens, when an engine is very cold, thatit is very hard to break the moving parts loose. This fact,along with tests where an oscillographic curve is taken ofthe starting motor current, will at first lead one to believethat the most s
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