. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. DEVELOPMENT 201 Reference:5/o/. Bull 189: 201. (October/November, Inhibitors of Protein Phosphatases (Okadaic Acid and Tautomycin) Block Sea Urchin Development II'alter Troll (\e\\- York L'nivcrsity Medical Center), Naoko Sueoka, Eisaboro Sueoka, Jeffrey D. Luskin, and Diane E. Heck Protein phosphor, lation. regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases. is critical for cell growth, regulation, and devel- opment (1-3). Phosphatase inhibitors, which prolong the phos- phorylated slate of proteins, can often perturb cell develo
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. DEVELOPMENT 201 Reference:5/o/. Bull 189: 201. (October/November, Inhibitors of Protein Phosphatases (Okadaic Acid and Tautomycin) Block Sea Urchin Development II'alter Troll (\e\\- York L'nivcrsity Medical Center), Naoko Sueoka, Eisaboro Sueoka, Jeffrey D. Luskin, and Diane E. Heck Protein phosphor, lation. regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases. is critical for cell growth, regulation, and devel- opment (1-3). Phosphatase inhibitors, which prolong the phos- phorylated slate of proteins, can often perturb cell development. Our laboratory has been interested in utilizing two of these com- pounds, okadaic acid, isolated from the marine sponge Hali- chondria okadai, and tautomycin. isolated from Streptomyces spirover ticillatits. to examine the role of phosphatases in sea urchin development. Previous work demonstrated that these compounds are effective inhibitors of serine and threonine phosphatases. in particular, phosphatases 1 (PP-1) and 2 A (PP- 2A) (4). Okadaic acid is more selective, preferentially inhibiting 100. 10 100 1000 Concentration (nM) 10000 Figure I. Effects of phosphalase inhibitor-, on the viubilny / uv/ urchin embrvos. Eggs obtained from Arbacia punctulata were fertilized in vitro in the presence of increasing concentrations of okadaic acid (broken line) or tautomycin (solid line). The percentage / viable e»ibryn\ IUM calculated from the mimhei "I embryos that were freely rotating 24 h after fertilization PP-2A. whereas tautomycin inhibits PP-1 and 2A with equal effectiveness (4). Recent studies indicate that PP-1 may be im- portant in the initial responses of sea urchin eggs to fertilization (5). In the present studies we sought to determine whether oka- daic acid and tautomycin could differentially modify fertilization and early development in the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. In initial experiments, sea urchin sperm and eggs were in- cubated with increasing concen
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