Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . Fi(i. 49.—Venation of GracUaria /.yringella; Aotli; B. uf seuiiimpa.—After Spuler. W a-i V vj Fig. 50.—Venation of Talfejio-ria pieudobunibyci-Ua.—A fterSpuler. small pupa from whichthe larval skin has just been cast, and are trans-parent, are the fittest objects for examination. The primitive and generalized condition ofthe semipupal wing is shown in Spulers figureof Cerura vinulu (fig. 48), to which we haveadded the numbering of all the veins. He showsthat the fundamental jjupal venation of Lepi-doptera will also apply to Ortlioptera (Blatta),Hem

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Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . Fi(i. 49.—Venation of GracUaria /.yringella; Aotli; B. uf seuiiimpa.—After Spuler. W a-i V vj Fig. 50.—Venation of Talfejio-ria pieudobunibyci-Ua.—A fterSpuler. small pupa from whichthe larval skin has just been cast, and are trans-parent, are the fittest objects for examination. The primitive and generalized condition ofthe semipupal wing is shown in Spulers figureof Cerura vinulu (fig. 48), to which we haveadded the numbering of all the veins. He showsthat the fundamental jjupal venation of Lepi-doptera will also apply to Ortlioptera (Blatta),Hemiptera, Trichoptera, etc. He proves thatthe cross veins are of quite secondary and subor-dinate importance. The results of Spulers in-vestigations, extended through different grouiisfrom Tiueina to Rhopalocera, and illustrated bymany figures, are both interesting and The comparison of the venation of thefore wing of the adult of Gnu-nariu si/rliu/cUa(fig. 49, A), coini)arcd with that of its scmiimpa(flg. 49, B). shows th

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