. Surgery, its principles and practice . trix aboutwhich the concretion is formed. Latterly this view has been in the kidney are either primary or secondary. The first consistof uric acid, urate of sodium and ammonium, oxalate of lime, carbonateof lime, and lastly of cystin or xanthin. They are deposited from theurine without any changes of an infective nature. The secondary calculi,consisting for the most part of phosphate of lime, develop only in a kidneyalready the seat of infection. As a result of this, a primary calculus isoften encrusted with phosphate of lime. Secondar
. Surgery, its principles and practice . trix aboutwhich the concretion is formed. Latterly this view has been in the kidney are either primary or secondary. The first consistof uric acid, urate of sodium and ammonium, oxalate of lime, carbonateof lime, and lastly of cystin or xanthin. They are deposited from theurine without any changes of an infective nature. The secondary calculi,consisting for the most part of phosphate of lime, develop only in a kidneyalready the seat of infection. As a result of this, a primary calculus isoften encrusted with phosphate of lime. Secondary stones occur often asa complication of spinal-cord lesions. Injury of the kidney and mildpyelitis are occasionally the cause of stone, through leaving their products,namely, epithelial detritus, fibrinous deposits, or small blood-clots, as afocus for the deposit of salts. The number, size, and location of stonevary widely. As a rule, a single stone is found, but eight or ten are not 234 SURGERY OF KIDNEY, URETER, AND SUPRARENAL uncommon. Rovsing removed a stone weighing fourteen ounces; Shieldsone of nineteen ounces. Barrow, of Lexmgton, recently removed withthe kidney a stone weighing sixteen ounces. Formed stones not infre-quently weigh ten grains or even less. The urate stones removed by myself, and shown in Fig. 117, weighednine grams. According to Kiisters statistics, stonewas found in both kichieys in ninety outof seven himdred and sixty-four right kidney contains a stone oftenerthan the left. Legue believes that thestone is bilateral in 50 per cent, of cases. Pathology.—The location of stones inthe kidney varies greatly. Although theymay be found in the cortex, their usualsituation is in the pelvis or in one of thecalices. Here the position of the stoneoften causes it to assume a coral shape andbecome a more or less exact cast of thepelvis and calices. Frequently a stone isalso formed in the ureter, and in rare cases(Fig. 129) the renal pelvis and t
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